中国区域农业科技资源配置能力及比较优势研究*——基于省级农业科学院视角

[目的]通过测算各地区农业科技资源的配置能力,分析其比较优势并找出不足以便弥补差距,促进各区域农业科技配置能力的提高,为各地区农业经济的发展提供支持。省级农业科学院作为各省市规模最大、综合实力最强的农业科研机构,是农业科技创新的重要主体之一,分析其科技资源配置能力具有重要的现实意义。[方法]基于2009—2016年相关数据,遴选了有代表性的评价指标体系,运用突变级数法计算农业科技资源配置能力,运用NRCA模型定量分析农业科技资源配置效益的比较优势。[结果]山东农业科学院科技资源配置能力位居全国第一,甘肃、江苏、青海农业科学院分别在农业科技人力、物力、财力资源方面具有明显的比较优势。[结论]省级农业科学院科技资源配置能力区域差异十分明显,但区域格局变化不大,且大致与各地区经济实力相吻合;农业科技资源配置能力较高的农业科学院大多在农业科技物力资源配置效益方面具有比较优势,在农业科技人力、财力资源配置效益方面不具备比较优势。     

The Investment Performance of Art in Mainland China

This article investigates price determinants and investment performance for paintings from mainland China using hedonic regression analysis applied to a new dataset from over 190,000 auction transactions. The price index obtained indicates that from 2000 to 2015, the average annual appreciation in value of Chinese art was 8.42% in real USD. Compared with American artwork, global artwork, and traditional financial assets, Chinese art possesses a comparatively better risk and return profile and a low correlation with other assets. Finally, regarding the masterpiece effect, the conclusion is that highly priced Chinese art does not underperform the market.     

INTERNATIONAL RESERVE MANAGEMENT: A DRIFT‐SWITCHING REFLECTED JUMP‐DIFFUSION MODEL

We study the cost of shocks, that is, jump risk, with respect to reserve management when the reserve process is formulated as a drift‐switching jump diffusion with a reflecting barrier at 0. Inspired by the Brownian drift switching model, our model results in a more realistic dynamic behavior of international reserves than the buffer stock model. The new model can capture both the jump behavior in reserve dynamics and the leptokurtic feature of the increment distribution which has a higher peak and two asymmetric heavier tails than the normal distribution. Through the selection of an initial distribution that reflects certain steady state behaviors, the reserve process becomes a regenerative process. This selection enables us to derive a closed‐form expression for the total expected discounted cost of managing reserves, thus helping us to numerically find management strategies that minimize costs. The numerical results show that shocks at the reserve level have a significant effect on reserve management strategies and that model misspecification can result in nonnegligible additional costs.     

粮食与经济重心迁移路径及空间耦合关系分析*——以湖北省粮食主产县为例

[目的]我国的粮食安全问题一直备受关注,作为粮食安全重要保障的粮食主产区近年来却面临着粮食生产与经济发展协调性、可持续性下降的困扰。文章以湖北省46个粮食主产县为研究区,对其粮食生产与经济发展的耦合协调状况进行研究,以期为地方政府粮食安全政策制定提供参考。[方法]以研究区粮食产量、地区生产总值、行政区划图层为数据源,构建重心模型和空间耦合模型,对粮食主产县2006—2015年间粮食重心和经济重心迁移路径、粮食生产与经济发展耦合协调状况进行分析。[结果](1)研究期间粮食主产县的粮食重心和经济重心整体上皆向西北方向转移,经济重心始终位于粮食重心东南部,经济重心的移动幅度大于粮食重心,但经济重心的移动方向更稳定。研究区北部的粮食生产地位高于南部,南部的经济地位则高于北部,粮食生产的稳定性相对低于经济发展。(2)两重心整体上虽均向西北方向转移,但具体移动方向存在较大差异,两者空间重叠性整体下降,变动一致性减弱,空间耦合性变差。(3)粮食生产与经济发展空间一致性地域分异特征明显,相较于2006年,2015年粮食经济整体协调性进一步减弱,粮食生产与经济发展日趋分散。[结论]建立重心模型和空间耦合模型对粮食生产与经济发展耦合协调状况进行研究是有效可行的,为推动粮食生产与经济发展协调稳步发展决策提供一定的参考。     

The differential effects of CEO narcissism and hubris on corporate social responsibility

Research Summary: While prior studies have predominantly shown that CEO narcissism and hubris exhibit similar effects on various strategic decisions and outcomes, this study aims to explore the mechanisms underlying how narcissistic versus hubristic CEOs affect their firms differently. Specifically, we investigate how peer influence moderates the CEO narcissism/hubris—corporate social responsibility (CSR). With a sample of S&P 1500 firms for 2003–2010, we find that the positive relationship between CEO narcissism and CSR is strengthened (weakened) when board‐interlocked peer firms invest less (more) intensively in CSR than a CEO's own firm; the negative relationship between CEO hubris and CSR is strengthened when peer firms are engaged in less CSR than a CEO's own firm. Managerial Summary: Some CEOs are more narcissistic while others may be more hubristic, but these two groups of CEOs hold different attitudes toward the extent to which their firms should engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR). Our findings with a large sample of U.S. publically listed firms suggest that narcissistic CEOs care more about CSR, but hubristic CEOs care less. Interestingly, when narcissistic CEOs observe their peer firms engaging in more or less CSR than their own firms, they tend to respond in an opposite manner; in contrast, hubristic CEOs will only engage in even less CSR when their peers also do not emphasize CSR. Our findings point to a fundamental difference between CEO narcissism and hubris in terms of how they affect firms' CSR decisions based on their social comparison with peer firms.     

The Joint Effects of Formal Institutions and Business Characteristics on Interfirm Guanxi in China: A Fuzzy Set Analysis

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This research intends to investigate the effects of formal market institutions on managers’ willingness to use personal networks, such as guanxi in China, for business success.

Methodology: We collect data from a major cellular phone manufacturer and its 277 retailers across China. We employ Fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FsQCA) to identify necessary conditions and causal recipes (combinations of antecedent conditions) for three elements of guanxi between boundary spanners (i.e., ganqing, information favor, and business support) and a firm’s operational performance.

Findings: We find that formal market institutions are not the sole factor influencing managers’ decisions on exercising guanxi practices and, in turn, achieving interfirm collaboration. We also find that there exists more than one causal recipe leading to each key element of guanxi between boundary spanners. The results also suggest that well-established formal market institutions would never be able to completely eliminate guanxi practices in China.

Originality: This paper is among the first to examine the joint effects of formal market institutions and key characteristics of interfirm relationships on the use of guanxi practices.     

企业成功创新经历与未来创新绩效

结合组织学习和企业二元式创新理论，探讨成功创新经历对企业未来创新绩效的影响。以2000—2017年中国制造业上市企业专利数据为基础，研究发现，成功创新经历可以显著提高企业后续专利申请数量。但是依据创新实质和创新幅度将创新分为探索式创新与利用式创新后，发现企业后续专利申请主要体现在利用式创新方面，不利于企业探索式创新。间接影响因素检验表明，企业间合作研发程度越高，成功创新经历越能够显著提升其后续创新质量，但是路径依赖越强的企业，其后续创新质量越差。从新的视角推进企业成功创新经历研究，就当前关于成功创新经历对后续创新绩效的影响悖论给出解释机制，同时对企业增强创新能力、维持长期竞争优势具有重要启示作用。     

国家治理现代化背景下企业社会责任实践创新——兼论突发性重大公共危机治理的企业社会责任实践范式

企业是推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的重要微观市场主体，如何通过企业社会责任实践参与和推动社会治理创新，应对和解决突发性社会公共问题，成为国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的重要议题。从企业社会责任治理模式、实践议题、实践主体、实践范式等方面阐述国家治理体系与治理能力现代化导向下的企业社会责任转向。更进一步地，以新型冠状病毒疫情应对为例，深入阐述在特大型公共危机治理过程中，企业如何通过社会责任实践参与重大公共危机治理的多元范式（基于传统个体型的原子式、基于供应链的价值链式、基于战略联盟的联动式，以及数字化平台经济时代基于平台企业主导的商业生态圈与基于公共治理平台主导的社会生态圈等5种范式）推动治理主体、治理过程以及治理手段与工具优化创新，从而为企业助力国家治理体系与治理能力现代化提供理论和实践启示。     

新时期农业科技与金融融合的示范园模式与“公司+农户”模式探索

农民如何依托土地脱贫增收成为我国农业发展的关键问题。农业科技与金融的融合是家庭联产承包责任制下提升农业产出效率的有效手段。通过创新农业经营主体，建立政府引导、市场主导的“示范园模式”与“公司+农户”模式加强农业科技与金融融合；构建完善的试验-示范技术扩散体系，帮助农民进行技术模仿，提升农业技术能力；结合金融扶持，帮助农民提升对接市场技术的能力，提高土地产出效率是促进农民脱贫增收的有效途径。     

Food values and heterogeneous consumer responses to nanotechnology

Agricultural applications of nanotechnology are at a relatively early stage and little is known about consumer responses to the technology. Canadian consumer responses to food nanotechnology are examined through the lens of the Food Value Scale. Data from a survey of Canadian consumers are used to evaluate the relative importance of eleven food values to food purchase decisions. We find that taste, safety, nutrition, and price are among the most important food values to Canadians, however, consumers exhibit considerable heterogeneity with respect to the priority placed on these values. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) explores the effect of food values on choice behavior. The DCE is positioned as a sliced apple product with non-browning and antioxidant-enhanced features introduced through the use of nanocoating or a conventional coating method. Random parameters logit (RPL) and latent class models (LCM) confirm the existence of significant preference heterogeneity. The LCM identifies three classes of consumers: “supporters,” “doubters,” and “opponents” who differ in their reaction to nanotechnology and in the relative importance placed on food values such as naturalness, novelty, and convenience. The analysis shows that food values provide additional insights into consumers’ food choices and their attitudes toward novel food technologies.